25 апр. 2011 г.

Washington: A Life by Ron Chernow


In his introduction, veteran biographer Chernow is clear about his goals. Using the recent "explosion of research," he wants to render George Washington "real" and "credible," to replace "frosty respect" with "visceral appreciation." In many respects, Chernow succeeds. He gives us a Washington who starts with limited education and means and, through a remarkable combination of timely deaths, an incredible capacity for hard work, a shrewd marriage, astonishing physical hardiness and courage, a propensity for land speculation, and a gift for finding influential patrons, transforms himself into a soldier, well-to-do planter, local official, and eventually the only real choice to command the Continental army, preside over the Constitutional Convention, and serve as the first president. Chernow makes familiar scenes fresh (like the crossing of the Delaware) and expertly brings the provisional revolutionary and early Republican eras to life. Along the way, however, he mistakes "visceral" for ardent; while he never hides Washington's less than saintly moments or shirks the vexed question of slavery, he often seems to ignore the data he's collected. Examples of shady dealing are quickly followed by tales of Washington's unimpeachable ethics or impeccable political savvy. At times it feels as if Chernow, for all his careful research and talent for synthesis, is in the grip of a full-scale crush. The result is a good book that would have been great if better edited, and if Chernow had trusted that Washington's many merits, even when accompanied by his faults, would speak for themselves. Publishers Weekly

Pulitzer Prize (Biography or Autobiography) Awarded to “Washington: A Life,” by Ron Chernow (The Penguin Press), a sweeping, authoritative portrait of an iconic leader learning to master his private feelings in order to fulfill his public duties.

24 апр. 2011 г.

Ньютон. Питер Акройд


Автор скупыми, но уверенными штрихами набрасывает и фон – социальный и научный мир, окружавший его героя, – и сам портрет. Герой получается не слишком привлекательный

While the prolific Ackroyd (London, among many others), in this addition to his Brief Lives series, doesn't provide new insights into one of the greatest scientists who ever lived, he does present a well-written distillation of the life and accomplishments of Isaac Newton (1642–1727). Newton's scientific achievements are legend, from the creation of calculus to the formulation of the theory of gravity. Ackroyd asserts that the devout Newton, acting largely alone, institutionalized modern scientific method by demanding data and experimentation rather than supernatural explanations based in belief. Even though Newton studied alchemy, it was always within the construct of science, says Ackroyd. The biographer presents the other side of Newton as well: his quirky personality, the insecurity that made it difficult for him to tolerate any criticism and kept him from publishing many of his ideas for extended periods. And he shows how Newton, a loner as a young man, left the isolation of Cambridge University for London and the public sphere as master of the mint and president of the prestigious Royal Society. The vindictive Newton held extended grudges for slights, real or imagined, and Ackroyd summarizes the decades-long disputes with Robert Hooke and Royal Astronomer John Flamsteed. In short, Ackroyd does a commendable job in this introduction to a very complex genius. Publishers Weekly

“[Ackroyd] may well be the most prolific English author of his generation. And, which I find encouraging, he can write movingly and revealingly about Isaac Newton while being no more of a scientist or mathematician than I am.” – Vanity Fair

“Written in splendidly elastic prose, each sentence a springboard for the next, it provides a concise, fair and highly readable biography of a singular genius'.” – The Times

“Ackroyd's essay on [Newton] is understated and elegantly constructed.” – The Guardian

“Beautifully written and engaging.” – BBC History

23 апр. 2011 г.

Джейн Джекобс. Смерть и жизнь больших американских городов


В 1961 году приметливая американская журналистка Джейн Джекобс (1916–2006) издала книгу, которая стала «мгновенной классикой». Ее интересовали города — не идеальные, а реальные, города-организмы — что с ними происходит, какие циклы они проживают. Почему образуются мертвые зоны вокруг общественных зданий, почему одни книжные магазины работают всю ночь, а другие закрываются в семь вечера, почему одни кварталы деградируют и превращаются в трущобы, а другие, напротив, улучшаются. На многих десятках (не только американских) примеров она показала, что городское планирование часто уничтожало сложившиеся коммьюнити; что горизонтальные структуры в городе лучше вертикальных; что городским властям следует руководствоваться не абстрактными идеями, а наблюдениями за повседневной жизнью; что массовая типовая застройка — зло, а лифтеры в домах — благо. Главное достоинство города/района — когда он «живой» (как, например, нью-йоркский Гринвич-Виллидж), когда людям нравится их район, когда они используют его с удовольствием, когда много общаются друг с другом прямо на улицах и т.п. - Афиша

The Death and Life of Great American Cities
"The most refreshing, provacative, stimulating and exciting study of this [great problem] which I have seen. It fairly crackles with bright honesty and common sense." — The New York Times

ISBN 978-0679600473 (eng.)
Новое издательство, 2011 г., ISBN 978-5-98379-149-7 (рус.)

Вукан Р.Вучик. Транспорт в городах, удобных для жизни


Вучик — американский профессор, урбанист, точнее, транспортник — и не только теоретик, но и практикующий консультант многих городских администраций. Его монография — огромный, близкий к 6 сотням страниц том — замечательно «русифицирована».
Вучик пользуется понятием livable city: город, удобный для жизни. Это универсальная урбанистическая идея, у которой есть несколько аспектов, и один из них — транспортный; на нем и сосредоточивается автор. Смысл в том, что «город, удобный для жизни» — это город, в котором прежде всего комфортно пешеходам и велосипедистам, и только во вторую очередь — для автомобилистов. Сколько ни строй дорог — спрос невозможно удовлетворить, он заведомо больше, чем город может предложить. Радикальный неолиберализм — в данном случае идея о том, что капиталистические отношения сами все расставят по местам, — не работает. Государство должно регулировать транспорт в городе — ограничивать автомобилистов. Автомобилеориентированные города — зло; из-за автомобилей в них (у нас) разобщенное общество, деградация городской среды в целом. - Афиша

Город в теории. Опыты осмысления пространства. Елена Трубина


Автор – доктор философских наук и рассматривает город скорее с культурологической/антропологической/философской точки зрения, чем с прагматической. С другой стороны, тот факт, что научные интересы Елены Трубиной далеко не исчерпываются урбанистикой, пусть даже широко понятой, обеспечивает ее взгляду на проблематику городского пространства удивительную панорамность и системность. - Openspace.ru

Новое литературное обозрение, Москва, 2011

22 апр. 2011 г.

The Regional City. Peter Calthorpe


Readers interested in environmental issues and urban development should hungrily consume Peter Calthorpe and William Fulton's innovative contribution, The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Authors of The Next American Metropolis and The Reluctant Metropolis, respectively, Calthorpe and Fulton argue that the design of our current metropolitan regionsAinner cities surrounded by rings of isolated suburbs filled with malls and office parksAhas placed our remaining land at considerable risk and exacerbates the divide between the rich and the poor. According to the authors, these "edge cities" have sprawled beyond human scale, and they suggest a regional model that they claim will offer a cleaner, more socially equitable U.S. for the 21st century. - Publishers Weekly

# ISBN-13: 978-1559637848

21 апр. 2011 г.

Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change. Peter Calthorpe


“Cities are green” is becoming a common refrain. But Calthorpe argues that a more comprehensive understanding of urbanism at the regional scale provides a better platform to address climate change. In this groundbreaking new work, he shows how such regionally scaled urbanism can be combined with green technology to achieve not only needed reductions in carbon emissions but other critical economies and lifestyle benefits. Rather than just providing another checklist of new energy sources or one dimensional land use alternatives, he combines them into comprehensive national growth scenarios for 2050 and documents their potential impacts. In so doing he powerfully demonstrates that it will take an integrated approach of land use transformation, policy changes, and innovative technology to transition to a low carbon economy.

To accomplish this Calthorpe synthesizes thirty years of experience, starting with his ground breaking work in sustainable community design in the 1980s following through to his current leadership in transit-oriented design, regional planning, and land use policy. Peter Calthorpe shows us what is possible using real world examples of innovative design strategies and forward-thinking policies that are already changing the way we live.

This provocative and engaging work emerges from Calthorpe’s belief that, just as the last fifty years produced massive changes in our culture, economy and environment, the next fifty will generate changes of an even more profound nature. The book, enhanced by its superb four-color graphics, is a call to action and a road map for moving forward.

“Calthorpe points out that urbanism is often left off the list of climate solutions, but in order to confront global warming, we have to look beyond clean tech and examine where we live and how we design our communities. This book offers a blueprint for transforming our cities and towns into low-carbon centers of vibrant public life.” - Frances Beinecke President, Natural Resources Defense Council

20 апр. 2011 г.

How Cities Work: Suburbs, Sprawl, and the Roads Not Taken. By Alex Marshall


Marshall criticizes New Urbanism for being more about style than substance, but he acknowledges that the more it recognizes the hard truths of regional planning, the more it can become a positive force. A journalist by trade, Marshall writes with wit, reason, and style, effectively driving home his well-researched premise that cities exist and evolve based on transportation systems, the building of wealth, and government guidance or misguidance. He offers few solutions to current urban problems, setting his sights on enlightening the reader about why and how cities evolve. Marshall cites the human craving for simple solutions to complex problems and makes it clear that when people come together to plan a regional city consciously, as they have in Portland, OR, difficult choices must be made. [...] How Cities Work is very strongly recommended for both academic and public libraries as an excellent resource on the history and future of American cities. - Library Journal

ISBN-13: 978-0292752405